- Fig. 1. Life’s metabolic boundaries. Each point represents a species from bacteria to whales. In all plots, body mass is shown on the X-axis, and variables A–C on the Y-axis: A – mass-specific metabolism is notably constant across life’s major groups, as was shown by Makarieva et al. [4]; B – population biomass also shows no systematic tendency to change with body mass, despite great variability; C – multiplying A and B gives total population energy use per unit area, revealing no trend with body mass, and implying an equivalence in energy use that spans all of life. Scaling exponents (k), and 95 % confidence intervals are shown for the groups listed (see [7])
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