• Fig. 1. Ecological space of aspen forests according to the main environmental factors. Groups of aspen forests: 1 – nemoral grass; 2 – nitrophilous-nemoral grass. Environmental factors: Hd – soil moisture; Rc – soil acidity; Tr – generalized salt regime (trophicity) of the soil; Nt – richness of soil in nitrogen; fH – variability of soil moisture; Lc – illumination
  • Fig. 2. Position of geobotanical descriptions of nemoral grass aspen forests in the first two axes of DCA together with vectors of environmental factors. Associations: 1 – Tremuletum coryloso-aegopodiosum; 2 – Tremuletum caricosum pilosae; 3 – Tremuletum aegopodioso-caricosum; 4 – Tremuletum coryloso-stellariosum. The lettering of environmental factors is the same as in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 3. Position of geobotanical descriptions of nitrophilous-nemoral grass aspen forests in the first two axes of DCA, together with vectors of environmental factors. Associations: 1 – Tremuletum urticoso-aegopodiosum; 2 – Tremuletum mixto-herbosum. The lettering of environmental factors is the same as in Fig. 1
  • Fig. 4. Proportion of different ECG species in the flora of aspen forests. ECG: Nm – nemoral; Br – boreal; Nt – nitrophilous; Pn – pine forest; Md – meadow-edge; St – steppe; Olg – oligotrophic